It is generally considered to have a longer-lasting effect than cyanocobalamin
Its molecular structure is sensitive to temperature fluctuations, light exposure, and moisture, with even small environmental changes creating measurable potency loss
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In further studies, only the formation of [14C]carbon dioxide from [14C-1]glucose was measured, with the addition of: sodium ascorbate (which undergoes a non-enzymic reaction in air to produce hydrogen peroxide) acetylphenylhydrazine (which is known to precipitate haemolysis in sensitive subjects, and depletes glutathione) methylene blue (which oxidises NADPH) All incubations were repeated in the presence and absence of N -ethylmaleimide, which undergoes a non-enzymic reaction with the -SH group of reduced glutathione, and thus depletes the cell of glutathione
Immune cells lose some responsiveness
This has resulted in several investigators concluding that its effects are irreversible, since in tissue environments its effects can last many days to weeks (German et al 2015)