One initiative to address this healthcare disparity has been instituted in South Africa, which provides cysteamine powder as an affordable alternative [160]
50 Wild-type HTT supports selective autophagy, whereas mHTT disrupts cargo recognition, autophagosome maturation, and interactions with BECN1/ATXN3, thereby reducing ULK1 activation
These reports are consistent with its studied mechanisms including reduced neuroinflammation and BDNF upregulation
They also inhibit movement of the 2 subunit from dorsal root ganglion neurons to central terminals in the dorsal horn, which disrupts the reuse of the 2 subunit from endosomal compartments
These morphological changes are accompanied by induction of fatty acid metabolizing enzymes (e.g., acyl CoA) and cytochrome P450 CYP4A
The patches are discreet, comfortable, and designed to stay in place, making them ideal for use on problem areas