Unlike single-mechanism ingredients that target just one aspect of aging skin, these compounds work through multiple pathways simultaneously, addressing collagen synthesis, wound healing, antioxidant protection, and skin barrier function all at once
Most feel completely normal
The fundamental mechanism is the activation of phase II detoxification enzymes or antioxidase controlled by Nrf2/ARE, including the expression of NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1), GPX, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) (Truong et al., 2014)
Separate Use From Vitamin C Ascorbic acid can destabilize copper peptides
Glutathione (GSH) is a water-soluble tripeptide composed of three amino acids: glycine, cysteine and glutamic acid
Such potential severe consequences have led to calls for the ban of such substances in Australia (49)