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PLoS One 8(9):e74973, 2013

Moreira DC, Guimares VH, de Paula AMB, Guimares ALS, de Rezende LF, et al

The Gut-Joint Communication Axis in Rheumatic Disease Development Rheumatoid Arthritis RA is a physically debilitating autoimmune disorder characterised by excessive systemic inflammation leading to the progressive destruction of joints among other complications (McInnes and Schett 2011

Melanomas can also be non-pigmented ( amelanotic melanoma ), appearing as a pink or red lesion

Incretin-based therapies work either by preventing enzymatic degradation of GLP-1, thus maintaining plasma levels of endogenous GLP-1 (dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors, DPP4is) or by directly activating GLP-1 receptors and mimicking the action of native GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, GLP-1 RAs) [9]

This dual action: Increases insulin release and decreases glucagon, lowering blood sugar