and throughout the world for its expertise and care
Ethics declarations Competing interests The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationship that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this article
Bioactive compounds such as polyphenols and flavonoids serve as effective scavengers of these free radicals, thereby reducing oxidative stress and safeguarding cellular integrity (7)
Unlike TMA, TMAO is odorless, chemically stable, and carries a polar NO bond, which enhances its solubility and biological transport
A range of compounds emitted by CAFs, such as vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), is noted to play a role in the stimulation and sustenance of T regulatory (Treg) cells, either directly or indirectly [46]
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