It may be possible to treat the underlying disease by surgical correction of anatomic lesions leading to small bowel bacterial overgrowth, expulsion of fish tapeworm, discontinuation of drugs leading to vitamin malabsorption (see Drug/Laboratory Test Interactions), use of a gluten free diet in nontropical sprue, or administration of antibiotics in tropical sprue
Avoid vigorous agitation, repeated freeze-thaw exposure, and unnecessary environmental exposure during handling
From supporting bone and immune health to boosting energy and mood, they have various benefits for users
But there's another number that deserves just as much attention: your estradiol, or E2
2002;21:14651S
A clinical trial from the UK measured cognitive or other neurological functions in response to B12 supplements in 191 asymptomatic, non-anemic older people with low B12 levels and considered moderately deficient