Common causes include liver disease (which releases stored B12), kidney disease (reducing B12 clearance), haematological malignancies, solid tumours, and excessive supplementation
The anti-aging benefits, though still largely anecdotal, have sparked curiosity, with some claiming clearer skin and improved muscle tone
It can also be depleted by chronic stress, alcohol, smoking, digestive issues, cardiovascular disease, illness, and aging because stomach acid production decreases with age, reducing B12 absorption significantly
GLP-1 medications like Ozempic, Wegovy, and Mounjaro have become household names for a reason
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There were no cases of glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, edema (fluid retention), joint pain, carpal tunnel syndrome, or other manifestations of excess growth hormone activity