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Other groups who may benefit include: Patients following gastric surgery (gastrectomy, bariatric procedures) where intrinsic factor production or absorption sites are compromised Individuals with malabsorption disorders such as Crohn's disease, coeliac disease, or chronic pancreatitis Strict vegans and vegetarians with dietary insufficiency, though oral supplementation is usually tried first Elderly patients with atrophic gastritis or reduced gastric acid production Patients on long-term metformin or proton pump inhibitors, which can impair B12 absorption [6] [8] Individuals with nitrous oxide exposure (recreational or medical), which can cause functional B12 deficiency Diagnosis typically involves serum B12 measurement, with levels below approximately 148 pmol/L (though thresholds vary between laboratories) generally indicating deficiency

Both perspectives are needed for safe, informed decision-making

Composed of three amino acids - Cysteine, Glycine, and Glutamate - Glutathione can be found in virtually every cell of the human body

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Water, alcohol peg-40, hydrogenated castor oil, glycerin, tocapheryl acetate, glyceryl Glucoside, nelumbium specious flower extract, panthenol, polyquaternium-10, Propylene glycol, methylparaben, fragrance

Its important to consult with a qualified healthcare professional and get medical professional guidance before starting any vitamin supplementation regimen, including B12 injections