The aromatase gene is directly regulated by CREB (107), and this enzyme converts androgens (e.g., testosterone) to estrogens, while StAR mediates the transport of cholesterol substrate to the mitochondria for synthesis of testosterone, E2 and P4 in steroidogenic cells (Figure 2)
distinguishing the two requires binding studies that were never published for DSIP
Common side effects are rare but may include mild gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, diarrhoea, or upset stomach, particularly when starting supplementation
Risk of infection, inflammation, or direct retinal damage from incompatible formulations
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Di Micco, R., Krizhanovsky, V., & Baker, D