Collagen and Extracellular Matrix Synthesis The tripeptide stimulates fibroblast production of type I collagen, elastin, proteoglycans, and glycosaminoglycans
Copper accumulation: While copper is essential, excessive accumulation from multiple sources could theoretically lead to oxidative stress and uniform inflammation, distinct from localized purging
The copper-peptide complex stimulates fibroblast proliferation, enhances collagen and elastin synthesis, improves angiogenesis, and supports antioxidant defense mechanisms
Additionally, impaired mitochondria disrupt cellular processes such as apoptosis and autophagy, further contributing to neuronal loss and pathology in these diseases (Muddapu et al., 2020)
Its main active ingredient, total dajizin triterpenes, reduces the expression of ACSL4 in the rat model of RA, increases the expression of glutathione and GPX4, and upregulates Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 and HO-1 in the Nrf2/HO-1/GPX4 pathway, indicating that total dajizin triterpenes can inhibit cell aberrant ferroptosis by suppressing lipid peroxidation and thus exert therapeutic anti-RA effects [168]
Ann Transl Med
