Usually in mammals, acetylcholine per se has a (small, direct effect) negative inotropic effect in atria which was augmented (large, indirect effect) after -adrenergic stimulation but not after, e.g., -adrenergic stimulation (Levy (1971) accentuated antagonism)
The most common side effects are gastrointestinal symptoms, like nausea, vomiting, constipation and diarrhea
Marfella R, Prattichizzo F, Sardu C, Rambaldi PF, Fumagalli C, Marfella LV, La Grotta R, Frig C, Pellegrini V, DAndrea D, Cesaro A, Calabr P, Pizzi C, Antonicelli R, Ceriello A, Mauro C, Paolisso G
Yes, prolonged exposure to light, especially UV light, can damage certain amino acids and break peptide bonds through a process called photo-oxidation
Side Effects: What to Expect with Each Medication All three GLP-1 medications have similar gastrointestinal side effects , although their severity and frequency may vary depending on dosage and duration
Rotating injection sites helps prevent irritation and reactions