Despite most autoantibodies associated with RA and CD being considered as non-specific, due to their ability to recognise multiple components, there have been reports of circulating antibodies which target TJs and neuronal structures as well as organs such as the pancreas, stomach, and liver in those diagnosed with the latter of these two conditions (Shaoul and Lerner 2007)
Zhang X, Zhang R, Chen H, Wang L, Ren C, Pataer A, Wu S, Meng Q, Ha MJ, Morris J, Xi Y, Wang J, Zhang J, Gibbons D, Heymach J, Meric-Bernstam F, Minna J, Swisher S , Roth J, Fang B
Cell Commun Signal 24 , 389 (2026)
Furthermore, other redox-maintaining enzymes such as glutathione peroxidases, and detoxification enzymes, glyoxylases, are closely related to carbohydrate metabolism [15,16]
Link Moran, D
(Injecting plain water in large volume would cause cells to swell and rupture due to osmotic imbalance, so sterile water is only given after adding an appropriate amount of solute to make it nearly isotonic