The translocation of microbial components into the systemic circulation activates the innate immune response and promotes the development of chronic metaflammation (Huda et al., 2021)
LPS, an endotoxin produced by Gram-negative bacteria, interacts with immune cells in the bloodstream, upregulating the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) and interleukins) and systemic inflammation (55)
Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2016/128 of 25 September 2015 Supplementing Regulation (EU) No 609/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council as Regards the Specific Compositional and Information Requirements for Food for Special Medical Purposes (Brussels, Belgium, 2015)
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10.1038/s41569-021-00511-w 61 RobertsA