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Theyre essential for physiological and biochemical processes
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Generally, adult hippocampal neurogenesis is significantly and positively associated with cognitive function such as learning and memory function, which are mainly processed in the hippocampus.2728293031 Several studies have shown that newly-generated neurons in adulthood have a role in synaptic plasticity and cognitive functions in psychiatric diseases including depression and schizophrenia.263032 To date, the most widely investigated psychiatric illness in terms of neurogenesis is probably major depressive disorder, although the pathophysiological link is still uncertain.333435 Importantly, pervasive cognitive dysfunction that does not adequately respond to antipsychotics is a distinguishing clinical characteristic of schizophrenia.363738 In fact, there is a possibility that specific molecular and cellular dysfunction in the hippocampus contributes to the development of schizophrenia.39 Additionally, decreased hippocampal volume and activity are the most consistent findings of neuroimaging studies of schizophrenia.4041 One previous study has revealed that impaired prefrontal-hippocampal connectivity is associated with impaired spatial working memory in schizophrenia.42 In addition, in a postmortem study of human psychiatric patients, neural stem cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus was only impaired in patients with schizophrenia, but not in those with depression.43 Another postmortem study revealed that the number of dividing cells is decreased in the SGZ of patients with schizophrenia.44 Collectively, molecular and neuroanatomical evidence supports the notion that hippocampal adult neurogenesis is closely associated with schizophrenia
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