These meta-analyses used the random effects model of DerSimonian and Laird (1986), which computes a pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) weighted by sample size
Ghoshal S, Witta J, Zhong J, et al
Tschirhart E, Bertrand C, Theodorsson E, Landry Y
Milk thistle oil, due to its high linoleic acid content, vitamin E, sterols and essential fatty acids, is also used in cosmetics and may support skin conditions such as acne or eczema when applied topically
As a supplement, it may help with symptoms of flu, chronic bronchitis, and COPD symptoms, but evidence is weak for its purported ability to thin mucus during a cold and general claims of "immune support." Very preliminary studies suggest benefits for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), Sjogrens syndrome, schizophrenia, compulsive behavior, as well as anti-aging applications (see What It Does)
After being absorbed into the bloodstream, the peptide circulates everywhere, allowing it to interact with cells and trigger healing or protective processes in tissues far from the original point of administration
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