They are susceptible to degradation pathways that small molecules simply do not face, including deamidation, oxidation, aggregation, and hydrolysis
Less than 50% of the patients randomized, however, completed the study
They slow gastric emptying , enhance insulin secretion in response to meals, suppress glucagon release, and reduce appetite through effects on the central nervous system
That schedule exists to minimize GI side effects, while reaching the therapeutic dose shown in trials to produce meaningful weight loss
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2005) 102(52):1912631.10.1073/pnas.0508215102 13 ZhouCHuangYPrzedborskiS
Combination protocols for muscle injuries typically employ systemic administration given the larger tissue volumes often affected