D51.8 Other Vitamin B12 Deficiency Anemias Use for B12 deficiency from causes not classified elsewhere, such as post-gastrectomy, ileal resection, Crohn disease-related malabsorption, bacterial overgrowth, or long-term medication effects (metformin, proton pump inhibitors, H2 blockers)
Three different mechanisms (gene expression, angiogenesis, cell migration) engaging three complementary biological pathways
injections of doses of 20, 100, or 500 g/kg to rats, the peak time (Tmax) of each dose was 3 min, while the Cmax of each dose was equivalent to 12.3, 48.9, and 141 ng/mL, respectively
The peptides may be produced in unregulated labs, often in China, and sold as research grade compounds
Authoritative References Meanwhile, Billon C, et al
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