Mild symptoms may progress to severe voiding frequency, nocturia, and suprapubic pain
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Red or purple chromaturia is a side effect of hydroxocobalamin, typically resolving over several weeks.2 Additional causes of red urine include blood (e.g., traumatic catheterization, malignancy, infection), dietary ingestion (e.g., beets), and medications (e.g., rifampin, phenothiazines).3 Although benign and not warranting further evaluation by itself, hydroxocobalamin-induced discolouration of body fluids may interfere with colorimetric sensors
Aim for adequate fluid intake throughout the day, with a goal of pale yellow urine as a sign of good hydration
However, intramuscular shots release B12 gradually from muscle tissue, while IV infusions deliver the full dose into the bloodstream immediately