Due to its lipophilic nature, Mel easily penetrates cell membranes and acts as a potent antioxidant by scavenging hydroxyl and peroxyl radicals.15 This antioxidant effect is mediated through increased activity of Glutathione Peroxidase (GSH-Px) and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), prevention of Catalase Reduction (CAT), and inhibition of Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS)
For example, H 2 O 2 /O/OH can oxidize amino acid residues in proteins, leading to changes in protein structure and function [203]
pregnant or nursing mothers, children under 18 and individuals with a known medical condition should consult a physician before using this or any dietary supplement
The most powerful antioxidant form of glutathione is Reduced Glutathione (GSH)
Guayusa ( Ilex guayusa ), a lesser-known Amazonian species of the genus Ilex (same as yerba mate), contains caffeine levels higher than yerba mate (1.9% 7.5% in dry weight), potentially reaching levels found in guarana.5 Its chemical profile also includes relatively high concentrations of chlorogenic acids and amino acids such as L-theanine, contributing to a stimulatory effect often described as balanced or focused. How can formulators use these ingredients effectively
ISBN 978-0-300-23898-3