Pediatr Diab
Mechanism of Action and Pharmacokinetics GLP-1 RAs enhance glucose-dependent insulin secretion, suppress glucagon release, delay gastric emptying, and promote satiety
Timeline of Regulatory Milestones 2005: Exenatide (Byetta): First GLP-1 agonist approved, twice-daily injections 2010: Liraglutide (Victoza): Longer-lasting, once-daily injection 2014: Dulaglutide (Trulicity): Once-weekly injection arrives 2017: Semaglutide (Ozempic): First once-weekly injection for diabetes with powerful weight-loss effects 2019: Oral semaglutide (Rybelsus): First GLP-1 pill makes it past the stomachs defenses 2021: High-dose semaglutide (Wegovy): FDA approval for obesity treatment 2022: Tirzepatide (Mounjaro): First dual GLP-1/GIP agonist for diabetes 2023: Tirzepatide (Zepbound): Expanded approval for obesity 20232024 : Widespread shortages: Skyrocketing demand for GLP-1s leads to limited availability The shortage that began in late-2023, driven by soaring off-label demand and supply-chain bottlenecks left millions of patients unable to fill even maintenance scripts
While every person responds a bit differently to Semaglutide GLP-1 injections, clinical studies have shown that those who take it begin to feel the effects very quickly after their first dose
The glucagon arm appears to contribute substantively to body-composition outcomes (favouring fat-mass reduction) without offsetting the glycemic outcomes of the GLP-1/GIP arms (PMID 39515565, PMID 40609566)
Specific metabolic rates of major organs and tissues across adulthood
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