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After injection, applying a gentle massage to the site may help distribute the fluid and reduce soreness

Screening of mutants may include determining the productivity of up to several thousand colonies after each round of mutagenesis (Park et al., 2011

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Brett et al., 2022)

The benefits and limitations of these models are shown in Table 3 and Figure 5

Etiology Genetics COL5A1 or COL5A2 mutation in 40-50% less common mutations identified below Associated conditions Connective tissue disorder characterized by hyperelastic/fragile skin joint hypermobility and dislocation generalized ligamentous laxity poor wound healing early onset arthritis additional features Classification Berlin Classification (1988) - revised Types I - XI exist Types II and III - most common and least disabling Villefranche Classification (1998) Presentation Symptoms double-jointedness easily damaged, bruised, & stretchy skin easy scarring & poor wound healing increased joint mobility, joint popping, early arthritis especially shoulders, patellae, ankles chronic musculoskeletal pain (50%) Physical exam a score of 5 or more on 9-point Beighton-Horan scale defines joint hypermobility